介紹如何在 Ubuntu Linux 中設定 apt 透過代理伺服器(proxy)更新系統套件。
SOCKS 代理伺服器
如果想要讓另外一台 Linux 伺服器作為臨時的代理伺服器使用,可以使用以下 SSH 指令建立 SOCKS 代理伺服器:
# 建立 SOCKS 代理伺服器 ssh -D 9000 myuser@remote.server.com
執行上面這行 SSH 指令之後,我們就可以透過 localhost:9000
來使用這個 SOCKS 代理伺服器了。
接著在 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d
目錄中新增一個 12proxy
設定檔,填入以下 SOCKS 代理伺服器設定:
# SOCKS 代理伺服器設定 Acquire::http::proxy "socks5h://localhost:9000";
這樣就完成 apt
的 SOCKS 代理伺服器的設定了,之後執行 apt
指令時,就會自動透過 remote.server.com
來下載更新的資料。
HTTP 代理伺服器
若要讓 apt
透過其他的 HTTP 代理伺服器下載資料,可以將 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/12proxy
設定檔改為以下這樣的 HTTP 代理伺服器設定:
Acquire::http::Proxy "http://your.proxy.com:3128"; Acquire::https::Proxy "http://your.proxy.com:3128"; Acquire::ftp::Proxy "http://your.proxy.com:3128";
手動匯入 GPG 金鑰
如果遇到 apt-key
無法透過代理伺服器匯入金鑰的情況,可以採用手動匯入的方式來解決,以下次操作步驟。
Step 1
在 Ubuntu 的金鑰伺服器上輸入金鑰的 ID(記得開頭要加上 0x
),例如 0xABF5BD827BD9BF62
,查詢自己需要的金鑰。
Step 2
在查詢結果中點選要下載的金鑰,並取得金鑰的內容。以 0xABF5BD827BD9BF62
這個金鑰來說,網址為 https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xabf5bd827bd9bf62
,而內容則為:
-----BEGIN PGP PUBLIC KEY BLOCK----- Comment: Hostname: Version: Hockeypuck ~unreleased xsBNBE5OMmIBCAD+FPYKGriGGf7NqwKfWC83cBV01gabgVWQmZbMcFzeW+hMsgxH W6iimD0RsfZ9oEbfJCPG0CRSZ7ppq5pKamYs2+EJ8Q2ysOFHHwpGrA2C8zyNAs4I QxnZZIbETgcSwFtDun0XiqPwPZgyuXVm9PAbLZRbfBzm8wR/3SWygqZBBLdQk5TE fDR+Eny/M1RVR4xClECONF9UBB2ejFdI1LD45APbP2hsN/piFByU1t7yK2gpFyRt 97WzGHn9MV5/TL7AmRPM4pcr3JacmtCnxXeCZ8nLqedoSuHFuhwyDnlAbu8I16O5 XRrfzhrHRJFM1JnIiGmzZi6zBvH0ItfyX6ttABEBAAHNKW5naW54IHNpZ25pbmcg a2V5IDxzaWduaW5nLWtleUBuZ2lueC5jb20+wsB+BBMBAgAoAhsDBgsJCAcDAgYV CAIJCgsEFgIDAQIeAQIXgAUCV2K1+AUJGB4fQQAKCRCr9b2Ce9m/YloaB/9XGrol kocm7l/tsVjaBQCteXKuwsm4XhCuAQ6YAwA1L1UheGOG/aa2xJvrXE8X32tgcTjr KoYoXWcdxaFjlXGTt6jV85qRguUzvMOxxSEM2Dn115etN9piPl0Zz+4rkx8+2vJG F+eMlruPXg/zd88NvyLq5gGHEsFRBMVufYmHtNfcp4okC1klWiRIRSdp4QY1wdrN 1O+/oCTl8Bzy6hcHjLIq3aoumcLxMjtBoclc/5OTioLDwSDfVx7rWyfRhcBzVbwD oe/PD08AoAA6fxXvWjSxy+dGhEaXoTHjkCbz/l6NxrK3JFyauDgU4K4MytsZ1HDi MgMW8hZXxszoICTTwsB+BBMBAgAoBQJOTjJiAhsDBQkJZgGABgsJCAcDAgYVCAIJ 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將金鑰的內容下載後儲存至檔案中,檔案名稱可以自由命名,此處我們將其命名為 pubkey.gpg
。
Step 3
使用以下指定匯入下載的公開金鑰 pubkey.pgp
:
# 匯入公開金鑰
sudo apt-key add pubkey.pgp